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Fictional character

Lone Ranger
Lone ranger silver 1965.JPG

Clayton Moore as the Lone Ranger
Publication data
First appearance WXYZ (January 31, 1933)
Created by
  • Fran Striker[ane] [2]
  • George Due west. Trendle[3] [4] [5]
In-story information
Modify ego Ranger John Reid
Team affiliations Texas Ranger Division
Partnerships Tonto
Abilities Expert marksman[6]
Above-average athlete, horseman, paw-to-paw combat, and master of disguise

The Lonely Ranger is a fictional masked former Texas Ranger who fought outlaws in the American Quondam West with his Native American friend, Tonto. The character has been called an enduring icon of American culture.[vii]

He first appeared in 1933 in a radio show on WXYZ (Detroit), conceived either by station owner George W. Trendle[3] [iv] [v] or by Fran Striker,[8] the show'south writer.[9] [ten] The radio series proved to exist a striking, and spawned a serial of books (largely written by Striker), an as popular television show that ran from 1949 to 1957, comic books, and several films. The title character was played on the radio testify by Earle Graser for some ane,300 episodes, but three others preceded him, according to The New York Times: "a man named Deeds, who lasted just a few weeks; a George Stenius [actually George Seaton co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times], and then Brace Beemer; the latter became the narrator of the programme.[11] [8]

Clayton Moore portrayed the Lone Ranger on television, although, during a contract dispute, Moore was replaced for a season by John Hart, who wore a different style of mask. On the radio, Tonto was played by, among others, John Todd and Roland Parker; and in the idiot box series, by Jay Silverheels, who was a Mohawk from the Six Nations Indian Reserve in Ontario, Canada.

Origin [edit]

While details differ, the bones story of the Lone Ranger'due south origin is consistent in near versions of the franchise.[8] The Lone Ranger is the sole survivor of a grouping of six ambushed Texas Rangers.[12] A posse of six members of the Texas Ranger Division, led by Helm Dan Reid, pursued a ring of outlaws led by Bartholomew "Butch" Cavendish, only are betrayed past a civilian guide named Collins, who was secretly working with Cavendish, and led the unsuspecting rangers into an ambush at a coulee known as Bryant'southward Gap.[thirteen] Later on, a Native American named Tonto stumbles onto the grisly scene. He discovers i of the rangers, Captain Reid's younger brother, John, barely alive, and he nurses the human to health. In some versions, Tonto recognizes the lone survivor as the man who had saved his life when they both were children. According to the television serial, Tonto gave John a ring and the proper noun Kemo Sabe, which he said ways "trusty sentinel".[14] John Reid then tells Tonto that he intends to hunt downwardly Cavendish and his men and to bring them to justice. To conceal his identity and honour his fallen brother, John fashions a black domino mask using cloth from his late blood brother'southward vest. To aid in the deception, Tonto digs a 6th grave and places at its head a cross begetting John Reid'south name so that Cavendish and his gang will believe that all the Rangers had been killed.

In many versions, Reid continues fighting for justice as the Lonely Ranger even afterwards the Cavendish gang is captured.

Characters [edit]

The Lone Ranger [edit]

Equally generally depicted, the Lone Ranger conducts himself by a strict moral code based on that put in identify by Striker at the inception of the graphic symbol. It read:

I believe that to take a friend,
a man must be one.

That all men are created equal
and that everyone has inside himself
the power to brand this a improve earth.

That God put the firewood at that place
only that every man
must assemble and light information technology himself.

In being prepared
physically, mentally, and morally
to fight when necessary
for what is right.

That a man should make the about
of what equipment he has.

That 'this government,
of the people, by the people
and for the people'
shall live always.

That men should live by
the rule of what is best
for the greatest number.

That sooner or later...
somewhere...somehow...
we must settle with the world
and make payment for what we have taken.

That all things alter but truth,
and that truth lone, lives on forever.

In my Creator, my land, my fellow man.[15]

In improver, Fran Striker and George Westward. Trendle drew up the post-obit guidelines that embody who and what the Solitary Ranger is:[16]

  • The Lonely Ranger was never seen without his mask or some sort of disguise.
  • He was never captured or held for any length of time by lawmen, avoiding his existence unmasked.
  • He always used perfect grammar and precise speech devoid of slang and colloquialisms.
  • Whenever he was forced to employ guns, he never shot to kill, just instead tried to disarm his opponent as painlessly equally possible.
  • He was never put in a hopeless situation; e.thousand., he was never seen escaping from a barrage of gunfire simply past fleeing toward the horizon.
  • He rarely referred to himself every bit the Lonely Ranger. If someone's suspicion were aroused, either the Alone Ranger would present one of his argent bullets to ostend his identity or someone else would attest on his behalf; the latter happened at the terminate of most episodes when someone would ask, "Who was that masked homo?" as the Lone Ranger departed. His decision to adopt the moniker of Alone Ranger was inspired by Tonto; following the deadfall at Bryant's Gap, Tonto observed him to be the only ranger left—in other words, he was the "lone" ranger.
  • Though the Alone Ranger offered his aid to individuals or small groups facing powerful adversaries, the ultimate objective of his story always implied that their benefit was only a byproduct of the development of the West or the land.
  • Adversaries were rarely other than American, to avert criticism from minority groups, with some exceptions. He sometimes battled foreign agents, though their nation of origin was more often than not not named. An exception was his having helped the Mexican Benito Juárez against French troops of Emperor Maximilian, every bit occurred in the radio episodes "Supplies for Juarez" (September 18, 1939), "Hunted by Legionnaires" (September 20, 1939), and "Lafitte's Reinforcements" (September 22, 1939).
  • The names of unsympathetic characters were carefully chosen then that they never consisted of two names if information technology could be avoided. More often than not, a unmarried nickname or surname was selected.
  • The Lone Ranger never drank or smoked, and saloon scenes were ordinarily shown equally cafes, with waiters and food instead of bartenders and liquor.
  • Criminals were never shown in enviable positions of wealth or power, and they were never successful or glamorous.

The Lone Ranger's first name [edit]

Although the Lone Ranger's last proper name in the radio shows was given every bit Reid, his beginning proper name was never specified in any of the radio or television shows. Various radio reference books, kickoff with Radio'southward Golden Age (Eastern Valley Press, 1966), give the Lone Ranger's kickoff proper name as John.[17] Some cite the 20th-anniversary radio plan in 1953 as the source of the name, just the Alone Ranger'due south outset name is never mentioned in that episode.[18]

In the final chapter of the 1938 Democracy The Lone Ranger movie serial, he is revealed to exist Texas Ranger Allen King. In the second series, The Lone Ranger Rides Once again, he identifies himself equally Bill Andrews.

The Lone Ranger's commencement name is too thought to have not been mentioned in contemporary Lone Ranger paper comics, comic books, and tie-in premiums, though some have stated that the name John Reid was used in an illustration of the grave marker made by Tonto, which appeared in either a comic-book version of the character'southward origin story or in a children's record set.

The name John Reid is used in the 1981 film The Legend of the Alone Ranger. The Lone Ranger is too John Reid in Dynamite Entertainment's licensed Lonely Ranger comic-book series that began in 2006, and in the 2013 Disney film The Lonely Ranger.

The name Luke Hartman was used in the 2003 TV-film/unsold series pilot.

Tonto [edit]

The character made his initial appearance in the 11th episode of the radio show. Fran Striker told his son that Tonto was added then the Solitary Ranger would have someone to talk to.[15] He was named past James Jewell, who also came upwards with the term "Kemosabe" based on the name of a summer camp owned by his father-in-law in upstate Michigan. In the local Native American linguistic communication, "Tonto" meant "wild one".[xix]

The character spoke in broken English that emphasized Tonto had learned it every bit a second linguistic communication.

Because tonto means "stupid" or "ignorant" in Spanish, the character is renamed " Toro " (Castilian for "bull") or " Ponto " in Castilian-speaking countries.[19]

Dan Reid Jr. [edit]

The proper name of Captain Reid's son, the Solitary Ranger's nephew, a character introduced in the radio series in 1942, who became a juvenile sidekick to the Masked Man, is Dan Reid. When Trendle and Striker later created The Greenish Hornet in 1936, they made this Dan Reid the father of Britt Reid, alias the Light-green Hornet, thereby making the Lone Ranger the Green Hornet'southward great-uncle.[20] In The Lonely Ranger radio serial, Dan was played by Ernest Winstanley, Bob Martin, Clarence Weitzel, James Lipton, and Dick Beals.

The Lone Ranger's nephew fabricated his starting time appearance in "Heading North" (December fourteen, 1942) under the proper name Dan Frisby, the grandson of Grandma Frisby. The two lived in an surface area described as "the high border country of the northwest" near the town of Martinsville close to the Canada–U.s.a. border. This and the following four episodes ("Blueprint for Murder", December sixteen, 1942; "Rope's Stop", December eighteen, 1942; "Law of the Apex", December 21, 1942; and "Dan's Strange Beliefs", Dec 23, 1942) centered on a plot to steal the valuable Martin Copper Mine and Dan's being fooled by a Lone Ranger impostor into helping him steal it. The Lone Ranger and the Mounties foil the plot and capture the impostor and his gang.

In the concluding episode of the arc, "A Nephew Is Found" (December 25, 1942), dying Grandma Frisby reveals to the Lone Ranger Dan's truthful identity and how he came to be with her. Fifteen years previously, Grandma Frisby had been part of a wagon train travelling to Fort Laramie. Also on that carriage train had been Linda Reid, married woman of Texas Ranger Captain Dan Reid, and her six-month-one-time son, Dan Jr., who were travelling from their dwelling in Virginia to bring together her husband. Earlier the wagon train could attain Fort Laramie, Indians attacked it and Linda Reid was among those killed. Grandma Frisby took charge and care of Dan Jr., just upon reaching Fort Laramie, found two messages waiting, ane that Captain Reid (voiced in this story by Al Hodge) had been killed in an deadfall at Bryant's Gap and the other that her own husband had been killed in an explosion. Taking Dan and certain items concerning his identity (including a pocket-sized gold locket containing a picture of Dan's parents and a picture of Captain Reid's blood brother), Grandma Frisby travelled to Martinsville and raised Dan equally her grandson.

On hearing this story, the Lone Ranger reveals his true identity and his ain story to Grandma Frisby, and promises that he will care for Dan similar his own son. Before Grandma Frisby dies, the Lone Ranger removes his mask and lets her see his face. Her last words are, "Ride on, Lone Ranger ... ride on forever ... with Danny at your side." The Solitary Ranger takes the grieving Dan outside the cabin, gives him the locket, and reveals their true relationship. Dan Reid Jr. went on to be a recurring grapheme throughout the remainder of the series, riding with the Lone Ranger and Tonto on his own horse Victor.

Eventually, Dan Reid Jr. was sent East to gain an education, making infrequent appearances on the serial whenever Fran Striker wanted to remind the audition of the family connection, and later became part of The Green Hornet radio serial, showtime actualization on October 22, 1936, establishing the connection between the Lone Ranger and the Light-green Hornet in the episode "Too Hot to Handle" (November 11, 1947) and being played throughout the serial past John Todd, who played Tonto on The Lonely Ranger radio series.

Their horses [edit]

According to the episode "The Legend of Silver" (September 30, 1938), before acquiring Silver, the Solitary Ranger rode a anecdote mare called Dusty. The Lonely Ranger saves Silver'due south life from an enraged buffalo, and in gratitude, Silvery chooses to give up his wild life to carry him.

The origin of Tonto's horse, Watch, is less clear. For a long time, Tonto rides a white horse called White Feller. In "4 Day Ride" (Baronial five, 1938), Tonto is given a pigment equus caballus past his friend Master Thundercloud, who then takes White Feller. Tonto rides this horse and refers to him but every bit "Paint Equus caballus" for several episodes. The horse is finally named Sentinel in "Border Dope Smuggling" (September 2, 1938). In another episode, however, the Lone Ranger, in a surge of conscience, releases Silverish back to the wild. The episode ends with Silver returning, bringing along a companion that becomes Tonto's equus caballus Scout.

In an echo of the Solitary Ranger's line, Tonto frequently says, "Git-um up, Scout!" (The phrase became then well embedded in the Solitary Ranger mythos that International Harvester used it as an ad line to promote their Lookout utility vehicle in the 1970s.) In the Format Films animated drawing, which ran from 1966 to 1968, Tonto also had an eagle he called Taka, and installments that focused exclusively on him or had him team upwards with the Solitary Ranger concluded with his saying, "Fly, Taka! On, Sentinel!" (Those where he teamed with the Lonely Ranger had the Ranger post-obit this up with the customary "Hi-yo, Silver! Abroad!")

Original radio serial [edit]

Lone Ranger
Created by George Trendle
Written by Fran Striker
No. of episodes 2956

The creators of the grapheme were George Trendle (manager of WXYZ radio station) and author Fran Striker.[21]

The beginning of 2,956 radio episodes of The Lone Ranger premiered on WXYZ, a radio station serving Detroit, Michigan, on January 31, 1933.[22] [23] As Dunning writes in On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Sometime-Fourth dimension Radio:

There may have been a few late-nighttime on-air shakedown shows prior to the official Jan 31, 1933 premiere date. Lacking concrete bear witness, [Lone Ranger say-so Terry] Salomonson is inclined to doubt it. "At that place is nix in any of the Detroit papers to betoken this, just that in itself doesn't mean much. The papers didn't even list the show in their radio logs at outset."[23]

The prove was an immediate success.[4] Though it was aimed at children, adults made up at least half the audience.[four] [8] [24] Information technology became so popular, it was picked up past the Mutual Broadcasting System and, on May two, 1942,[25] past NBC's Blueish Network, which in time became ABC.[26]

By 1939, some 20 1000000 Americans were listening to the programme.[21] It also had numerous listeners in other countries.[27]

Introductions [edit]

An announcer introduced each episode with the following, which was sometimes changed to reflect the storyline of the episode:

In the early days of the western United States, a masked homo and an Indian rode the plains, searching for truth and justice. Return with us at present to those thrilling days of yesteryear, when from out of the by come up the thundering hoofbeats of the groovy horse Silverish! The Solitary Ranger rides again!

Past the time it was on ABC at seven:30 pm Eastern, the introduction, voiced by Fred Foy, had get "Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear", followed past, "From out of the westward with the speed of lite and a hearty 'Hullo-yo, Argent!'" The intro was later changed to:

A fiery horse with the speed of light, a deject of dust and a hearty Hi-Yo Silver! The Alone Ranger! ... With his faithful Indian companion Tonto, the daring and resourceful masked rider of the plains led the fight for police force and order in the early western United States! Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice! Return with usa at present to those thrilling days of yesteryear! From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the dandy horse Silver! The Lonely Ranger rides again!

This was followed past Brace Beemer's phonation, declaring, "Come on, Silverish! Allow'south go, big swain! Hi-yo, Silver! Away!"

Bandage [edit]

The Lone Ranger was played past several actors:

  • John L. Barrett, on test broadcasts on WEBR in January 1933;
  • George Seaton (under the name George Stenius) (January 31 – May 9, 1933);
  • Series director James Jewell, for 1 episode;
  • An role player known only past the pseudonym "Jack Deeds", for i episode;
  • Earle Graser (May 16, 1933 – April vii, 1941). On April 8, Graser died in a car accident; and, for five episodes, the Lonely Ranger was unable to speak beyond a whisper, with Tonto carrying the action. In add-on, six episodes broadcast in August 1938 did not include the Lonely Ranger's voice other than an occasional "Hi-Yo Silver!" in the background.[28] In those episodes, Tonto carried the dialog;
  • Caryatid Beemer (Apr 18, 1941 to the stop), who had been the prove's deep-voiced journalist for several years;
  • Fred Foy (March 29, 1954), besides an journalist on the show, took over the role for one circulate when Beemer had laryngitis.

Tonto was played throughout the run by player John Todd (although in a few isolated occasions, he was replaced by Roland Parker, amend known as Kato for much of the run of sister series The Green Hornet). Other supporting players were selected from Detroit surface area actors and studio staff. These included Jay Michael (who also played the lead on Challenge of the Yukon, or Sgt. Preston of the Yukon), Bill Saunders (as various villains, including Butch Cavendish), Paul Hughes (as the Ranger's friend Thunder Martin and equally various army colonels and badmen), future movie star John Hodiak, Janka Fasciszewska (under the name Jane Fae), and Rube Weiss and Liz Weiss (subsequently a married couple, both actors in several radio and tv set programs in Detroit, Rube usually taking on villain roles on the "Ranger", and Liz playing damsels in distress). The part of nephew Dan Reid was played by various kid actors, including Bob Martin, James Lipton, and Dick Beals.

Music [edit]

The theme music was primarily taken from the "March of the Swiss Soldiers" finale of Gioachino Rossini'southward William Tell Overture, which thus came to be inseparably associated with the series. The theme was conducted by Daniel Pérez Castañeda,[29] with the softer parts excerpted from Die Moldau, equanimous by Bedřich Smetana.

Many other classical selections were used as incidental music, including Wagner's Flying Dutchman Overture, Bizet's Symphony in C, Mendelssohn'south Fingal's Cave Overture, Emil von Řezníček's Donna Diana Overture, Liszt's Les préludes, Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture and music past Schubert.[30] Classical music was originally used because it was in the public domain, thus allowing product costs to be kept low while providing a wide range of music equally needed without the cost of a composer.

In the late 1930s, Trendle acquired the rights to use incidental music from Republic Pictures motion picture serials as office of a deal for Republic to produce a serial based (loosely) on the Lone Ranger. This music was then modified by NBC radio arranger Ben Bonnell and recorded in Mexico to avert American union rules. This music was used in both the radio and after television shows.[29]

The Green Hornet [edit]

The radio series inspired a spinoff called The Green Hornet, which depicts the son of the Alone Ranger's nephew Dan,[31] Britt Reid, originally played by Al Hodge, who in contemporary times, fights criminal offense with a similar secret identity and a sidekick, Kato. I major difference between the two characters is that everyone considers the Green Hornet to be a bad guy. Reid embraces this persona, thus enabling him to infiltrate real crime syndicates, while secretly aiding the police force.

In the Dark-green Hornet comic book series published past NOW Comics, the Alone Ranger makes a cameo appearance by being in a portrait in the Reid home. Contrary to most visual media depictions, and acknowledged by developer/original script writer Ron Fortier to be the consequence of legal complications,[32] his mask covers all of his face, equally it did in the ii serials from Republic Pictures (see below). However, rights to The Lone Ranger and The Green Hornet accept been acquired by separate owners and the familial link has been ignored in the Western character's various incarnations. The Lonely Ranger – Light-green Hornet connection is part of Philip José Farmer's Wold Newton Universe, which connects disparate fictional characters.

Hi-Yo Silver!, Kemo sabe, and other cultural tropes [edit]

At the outset of each episode, the magnificent white stallion, Argent, would rear upwardly with the Lone Ranger on his back, then they would dash off, the Ranger encouragingly shouting, "Hi-Yo, Silver!"[33] Tonto could occasionally exist heard to urge on his mountain by calling out, "Get 'em up, Lookout!" At the end of each episode, mission completed, 1 of the characters would always enquire the sheriff or other say-so, "Who was that masked man?" When information technology was explained, "Oh, he's the Lone Ranger!", the Ranger and Tonto would be seen galloping off with the weep, "Hi-Yo, Silver! Abroad!" catching the attending of ane of the townspeople crossing the street.

Tonto usually referred to the Lone Ranger as "Kemo sabe", described every bit meaning either "faithful friend," or "trusty scout".[13] [34] It is more likely the discussion derives from the Anishinaabe language. Gimoozaabi is said to mean "he looks out in secret."[35] These catchphrases, the Ranger's trademark silver bullets, and the theme music from the William Tell Overture have become tropes of popular civilisation.[ commendation needed ]

Film serials [edit]

Commonwealth Pictures released two serials starring the Solitary Ranger. The commencement, released in 1938, utilized several actors playing different men portraying the masked hero, with the truthful Lonely Ranger unknown to the audience until the decision; the character played by Lee Powell is ultimately revealed to be the Lonely Ranger. The second series, The Lone Ranger Rides Once again, was released in 1939 and starred Robert Livingston. Tonto was played in both by Victor Daniels, billed as Primary Thundercloud.

Television [edit]

The Solitary Ranger was a Television show that aired for viii seasons, from 1949 to 1957, and starred Clayton Moore equally the Lone Ranger and Jay Silverheels as Tonto. Just 5 of the eight seasons had new episodes. It was the ABC boob tube network's first big hitting of the early 1950s.[21] Moore's tenure as the Ranger is probably the all-time-known handling of the franchise.[36] Moore was replaced in the third season past John Hart,[37] [38] but he returned for the concluding two seasons. The fifth and final season were shot in color. A total of 221 episodes were made.

Subsequently the series ended, Moore continued to make public appearances as the Lonely Ranger. In 1979, Jack Wrather, then possessor of the rights to the character, obtained a restraining order against Moore, enjoining Moore from appearing in public in his mask.[39] The actor began wearing oversized wraparound Foster Grant sunglasses, as a substitute for the mask. Moore subsequently won a countersuit, allowing him to resume his costume.[39]

The Return of the Lonely Ranger (1961) [edit]

In 1961 CBS produced Return of the Lone Ranger, starring Tex Hill, as the airplane pilot episode for a proposed TV series.[ citation needed ]

Format Films animated drawing, 1966 to 1968 [edit]

An animated serial of The Lone Ranger ran from 1966 to 1968 on CBS. It was produced by Herbert Klynn and Jules Engel of Format Films, Hollywood, and designed and animated at the Halas and Batchelor Drawing Film studios in London, England. The show lasted thirty episodes; however, these were invariably divide into 3 split up shorts, with the middle segment beingness a solo take chances for Tonto, so that there were really 90 installments in all. The last episode aired on March ix, 1968.

These Alone Ranger adventures were similar in tone and nature to CBS's science fiction Western, The Wild Wild West, in that the plots were bizarre and had elements of science-fiction and steampunk engineering science thrown in. Even the Lone Ranger's greatest enemy in the animated series was a dwarf, similar to James T. West's greatest enemy, Dr. Miguelito Loveless. He was chosen Tiny Tom, and was voiced by Dick Beals. This animated cartoon was credited every bit being a Jack Wrather production, and it provided the first exposure many 1960s children had to the characters.

The Solitary Ranger'south phonation was provided by Michael Rye, who had portrayed Jack Armstrong, the All-American Male child on radio. Shepard Menken played Tonto. The narrator in the opening title was Marvin Miller. Other "guest voices" were provided past Paul Winchell, Agnes Moorehead and Hans Conried.

The Tarzan/Solitary Ranger Adventure Hour, early 1980s [edit]

The Lone Ranger was featured, along with Zorro and Tarzan, in Adventure Hour cartoon shorts in the early 1980s, produced by Filmation. These episodes featured William Conrad as the vocalization of the Masked Human being, although he was listed in the credits equally "J. Darnoc" (Conrad spelled backwards). This series took a more realistic tone with a heavily historical context to include an educational element to the stories, even though at that place were several episodes that did feature elements of science fiction (much like the earlier cartoons from the 1960s). There were 14 episodes, combining two adventures in each episode, for a total of 28 stories. Though Conrad was the master voice featured, other noted phonation actors in the Filmation series include an uncredited Lou Scheimer, Frank Welker, and Michael Bell.

The Lonely Ranger (2003) [edit]

In 2003, the WB network aired a two-hour Lonely Ranger TV movie, starring Chad Michael Murray equally the Solitary Ranger. The TV moving-picture show served as the pilot for a possible new series. However, the movie was greeted unenthusiastically; the name of the hole-and-corner identity of the Lone Ranger was changed from "John Reid" to "Luke Hartman", and while an empty grave was however alongside those of the five expressionless Rangers, its supposed occupant was unidentified, and the hero maintained his unmasked identity, as well, becoming a cowboy version of Zorro, equally in the first film serial. Ultimately, the projection was shelved, with the pilot aired in telefilm form during the summer season due to Murray'due south popularity with the target audience of the network.

Other appearances [edit]

Clayton Moore appeared in character in an episode of Lassie in 1958. John Hart appeared in an episode of Happy Days. An episode of The Greatest American Hero, titled, "My Heroes Have Always Been Cowboys," had a special advent past John Hart as The Lone Ranger. In the story, superhero Ralph Hinkley is despondent over his failures, and considers giving up, until he is encouraged by Hart's retelling of the Lone Ranger's exploits.[ citation needed ]

Films [edit]

Clayton Moore series [edit]

After the end of the tv series, Clayton Moore and Jay Silverheels starred in two characteristic films, The Lone Ranger in 1956 and The Alone Ranger and the Lost Metropolis of Gold in 1958.

The Lone Ranger and the Peace Patrol [edit]

In 1958 the Lone Ranger appeared in the 8-minute-long documentary, "The Solitary Ranger and the Peace Patrol". Presented and narrated by Clayton Moore, it revolves effectually purchasing U.South. Savings Stamps, a child'due south version of Savings Bonds. The main focus is to become children to invest in the stamps. The narrated segment culminates with the inaugural ceremonies on the grounds of the Washington Memorial before a crowd of thousands of children and their parents.[forty]

Other Lone Rangers [edit]

The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981) [edit]

At the time of the 1981 release of the moving picture The Legend of the Lonely Ranger, the company owning the rights to the character, Wrather Corp., filed a lawsuit and obtained a court injunction to preclude Clayton Moore from appearing equally the Lone Ranger,[41] and and so gave a cameo to his Telly replacement, John Hart. The film itself was a critical and commercial failure. It starred Klinton Spilsbury in his simply movement picture show appearance. His lines were overdubbed by James Keach.[42] The part of Tonto was played by Michael Horse.

Moore, who never appeared publicly without his mask, was enjoined in the lawsuit from wearing it and, in protest, he began wearing oversized sunglasses that were the approximate size and shape of the mask.[43] In a sequence in the moving picture, John Reid, a newly graduated chaser, is travelling west in a stagecoach to encounter his brother. Another passenger announces his intent to make his fortune from his invention of sunglasses. The stage is robbed and the inventor killed. Equally John Reid lays the dead man on the floor with the broken dark glasses, still another rider says, "So much for American opportunity."

The Lone Ranger (2013) [edit]

In 2013, Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films released The Solitary Ranger, starring Armie Hammer as the Lone Ranger and Johnny Depp every bit Tonto.[44] Directed by Gore Verbinski, the film is an origin story of the two characters and explores the duo's efforts to subdue the immoral actions of the corrupt, and to bring them to justice, in the American Old West. The film, produced with an estimated budget of $225 million, was received negatively by American critics and performed poorly at the box function.[45]

Other media [edit]

The series likewise inspired numerous comic books, books, and gramophone records.

Novels [edit]

The start Lone Ranger novel appeared in 1936, and eventually 18 volumes were published, equally listed beneath. The first book was written by Gaylord Dubois, merely the others were written by the grapheme's main developer, Fran Striker. Striker also re-edited and rewrote parts of afterwards editions of the first novel. First published between 1936 and 1956 in hardback past Grosset and Dunlap, these stories were reprinted in 1978 by Pinnacle Books.

In 2012, Moonstone Books published the novel The Lone Ranger: Vendetta, written by Howard Hopkins.

  1. The Lonely Ranger (1936)
  2. The Alone Ranger and the Mystery Ranch (1938)
  3. The Lone Ranger and the Gold Robbery (1939)
  4. The Lonely Ranger and the Outlaw Stronghold (1939)
  5. The Lone Ranger and Tonto (1940)
  6. The Lone Ranger at the Haunted Gulch (1941)
  7. The Lone Ranger Traps the Smugglers (1941)
  8. The Alone Ranger Rides Again (1943)
  9. The Lone Ranger Rides North (1943)
  10. The Lone Ranger and the Silverish Bullet (1948)
  11. The Solitary Ranger on Powderhorn Trail (1949)
  12. The Lone Ranger in Wild Equus caballus Canyon (1950)
  13. The Lone Ranger West of Maverick Pass (1951)
  14. The Alone Ranger on Gunsight Mesa (1952)
  15. The Solitary Ranger and the Bitter Bound Feud (1953)
  16. The Lone Ranger and the Code of the Due west (1954)
  17. The Lonely Ranger and Trouble on the Santa Iron (1955)
  18. The Lone Ranger on Red Butte Trail (1956)

Not considered part of the 18 series:

  • The Lone Ranger Rides (1941) (Fran Striker) Kickoff published in 1941 by Putnam Books
  • The Solitary Ranger: Vendetta (2012) (Howard Hopkins), ISBN 978-1936814152

Big Little Books [edit]

From 1935 to 1950, thirteen Large Fiddling Books were published.

  • The Lone Ranger and his Equus caballus Silver (1935)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Vanishing Herd (1936)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Secret Killer (1937)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Menace of Murder Valley (1938)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Lost Valley (1938)
  • The Lonely Ranger and Dead Men's Mine (1939)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Black Shirt Highwayman (1939)
  • The Alone Ranger and the Red Renegades (1939)
  • The Lonely Ranger Follows Through (1941)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Secret Weapon (1943)
  • The Lone Ranger on the Barbary Coast (1944)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Silver Bullets (1946)
  • The Lone Ranger and the Secret of Somber Cavern (1950)

Little Golden Books [edit]

Three Petty Gilded Books were published.

  • The Lone Ranger (1956)
  • The Lone Ranger and Tonto (1957)
  • The Lonely Ranger and the Talking Pony (1958)

Anthologies [edit]

In, 1993, Perennial published the album The Solitary Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Sky, a collection of curt stories by Sherman Alexie.

In 2012, Moonstone Books published the anthology The Lone Ranger Chronicles, edited by Matthew Baugh Starr with stories by Johnny. D Boggs, James Reasoner, Mel Odom, Bill Crider, Matthew Baugh, Tim Lasiuta, Joe Gentile, Paul Kupperberg, Dennis O'Neil, Kent Conwell, David McDonald, Thom Brannon, Troy D. Smith, Chuck Dixon, and Richard Dean Starr, stories incorporating famous characters of the western, such equally Cisco Child, Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday.

  • The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, 1993, Perennial, ISBN 978-0-06-097624-eight
  • The Lone Ranger Chronicles, album edited by Matthew Baugh Starr, 2012, Moonstone Books, ISBN 978-1936814237

Comic strip [edit]

Male monarch Features Syndicate distributed a newspaper strip of the Lone Ranger from September 1938 to Dec 1971. Fran Striker himself initially scripted the feature, but fourth dimension constraints soon required him to quit, replaced by Bob Greenish, afterward followed by Paul S. Newman and others.[46] The original artist was Ed Kressy, but he was replaced in 1939 by Charles Flanders [fr] who drew the strip until its determination.[47]

In 1981, the New York Times Syndicate launched a 2nd Lone Ranger strip, written by Cary Bates with art by Russ Heath.[48] It ran until 1984. In 1993 Pure Imagination Publishing collected two of the storylines and put them in a comic book.

Comic books [edit]

Comprehend of The Lonely Ranger#1 (Jan–Feb 1948), the first comic book version of the character published by Dell Comics. Art by Mo Gollub

In 1948, Western Publishing, with its publishing partner Dell Comics, launched a comic book series which lasted for 145 issues. This series originally consisted of reprints from the newspaper strips (as had all previous comic book appearances of the graphic symbol in various titles from David McKay Publications and from Dell). However, new stories by author Paul Due south. Newman and artist Tom Gill began with consequence #38 (August 1951). Some original content was presented as early every bit #seven (January 1949), merely these were not-Lone Ranger fillers. Newman and Gill produced the series until its terminal upshot, #145 (July 1962).[49]

Tonto got his ain spin-off title in 1951, which lasted 31 bug. Such was the Ranger'due south popularity at the time that even his equus caballus Silver had a comic book, The Lone Ranger'southward Famous Horse Hi-Yo Silver, starting in 1952 and running 34 issues; writer Gaylord DuBois wrote and adult Silver as a hero in his own right. In addition, Dell as well published three big Lone Ranger annuals, also as an adaptation of the 1956 theatrical film.

The Dell series came to an end in 1962. Later that same yr, Western Publishing ended its publishing partnership with Dell Comics and started its ain comic book banner, Gilded Key Comics. The new imprint launched its own Lonely Ranger title in 1964. Initially reprinting material from the Dell run, original content did not begin until issue #22 in 1975, and the magazine itself folded with #28 in 1977.[l] Additionally the same year, AB published a three-role Swedish Lone Ranger story in Hemmets Journal.[ citation needed ]

In 1994, Topps Comics produced a four-issue miniseries, The Lone Ranger and Tonto, written past Joe R. Lansdale and drawn past Timothy Truman.[51] One of the major changes in this series was the characterization of Tonto, who was now shown to exist a very witty, outspoken, and sarcastic character, even willing to punch the Alone Ranger during a heated argument, and commenting on his past popular-culture depictions with the words, "Of grade, quimo sabe. Maybe when we talk I should apply that 'me Tonto' stuff, the mode they write nearly me in the dime novels. Yous'd like that, wouldn't you?".[52]

The first outcome of a new Alone Ranger serial from Dynamite Entertainment by Brett Matthews and Sergio Cariello shipped on September 6, 2006. It was started as a vi-consequence miniseries; but due to its success, it has become an ongoing series by the same team. On September 15, 2006, Dynamite Entertainment announced that The Lonely Ranger #1 had sold out its offset printing. A second press of the first issue was announced; a first for the company.[53] The series has received an Eisner Awards nomination for all-time new series in 2007. True Westward magazine awarded the publication the "Best Western Comic Book of the Year" in their 2009 Best of The Due west Source Book! And in 2010 Dynamite released "The Lone Ranger Avenges the Decease of Zorro".

The 2d book of the serial by Dynamite was issued in January 2012. Written by Ande Parks and drawn by Esteve Polls, it ran for a total of 25 numbers, with the terminal issue being released in June 2014.[54]

Apart from the ongoing serial, Dynamite released several miniseries starring the Lone Ranger, such every bit The Solitary Ranger and Tonto (4 issues, written by Brett Matthews; John Abrams with art by Mario Guevara) in 2008; Snake of Iron, a 5-part past Chuck Dixon and Steve Polls published in 2012, and Vindicated, 4 issues by Justin Gray and Rey Villegas in 2014.

In 2016, The Lone Ranger teamed-up with the Green Hornet in a 5-part miniseries written past Michael Uslan with art by Giovani Timpano.[55] [56]

A Dynamite "Lone Ranger" tertiary book, written past Mark Russell and drawn by Bob Q, was released in October 2018 and ran 5 problems.[57]

Comic book collections [edit]

All of them from Dynamite Entertainment, include:

  • The Lone Ranger Vol. ane (160 pages, Collects The Lone Ranger #1–6)
  • The Lone Ranger Vol. 2 Lines Not Crossed (128 pages, Collects The Lone Ranger #seven–11)
  • The Lone Ranger Vol. iii Scorched Earth (144 pages, Collects The Lonely Ranger #12–xvi)
  • The Lone Ranger Vol. 4 Resolve (Collects The Lone Ranger #17–25)
  • The Lone Ranger Vol. 5 Hard Country (Collects The Solitary Ranger Book 2 #1–6)
  • The Lone Ranger Vol. 6 Native Footing (Collects The Lone Ranger Book 2 #7–12)
  • The Lonely Ranger & Tonto (128 pages)
  • The Lonely Ranger: Snake of Fe (92 pages)
  • The Lone Ranger Double-decker (632 pages)
  • The Lone Ranger: Vindicated (112 pages)
  • The Alone Ranger: Death of Zorro (128 pages)

The Lone Ranger Magazine [edit]

In 1937, eight bug of The Lone Ranger Magazine (pulps) were published by Trojan Publishing, with stories written past Fran Striker.[58]

1930s cartoon [edit]

In tardily 1930s Roy Meredith produced the first-known blithe film based on Lone Ranger, in this silent moving picture The Alone Ranger and Tonto capture a band of cattle rustlers and salvage the life of the rancher.[59]

This cartoon was produced past Pathegrams on 16mm moving-picture show and sold to the home market and libraries, which often showed cartoons equally a prelude to the characteristic films they would play for children, much as they do videos now. It was a silent film, like most films produced for the home market in those days, and had dialog written on championship cards, simply as films of the silent era.

Video game [edit]

A video game version of The Lone Ranger was released by Konami for the Nintendo Entertainment System in Due north America in 1991. It is an activeness adventure game featuring three different perspectives: side-scrolling, overhead, and first-person exploration. The game loosely follows the plot of the 1981 motion-picture show The Fable of the Alone Ranger, with the ultimate goal being the rescue of the President of the Us, whom the Lone Ranger's nemesis, "Butch" Cavendish, has kidnapped.

Merchandise [edit]

Premiums [edit]

The Lonely Ranger program offered many radio premiums, including the Lone Ranger Vi-Shooter Ring and the Alone Ranger Deputy Badge. Some used a silverish bullet motif. 1 band had a miniature of one of his six-guns atop information technology, with a flint and striking wheel, as used in cigarette lighters, and then that "fanning" the miniature pistol would produce a shower of sparks. During World War II, the premiums adapted to the times. In 1942, the program offered the Kix Blackout Kit.

Some premiums were rather anachronistic for a 19th-century hero. In 1947, the program offered the Kix Atomic Bomb Ring, also known to collectors as the Lonely Ranger Atom Bomb Ring.[60] This ring was a miniature spinthariscope that actually had a small-scale amount of polonium-210 in it, which emitted alpha particles to produce scintillations on the zinc sulfide outer office of the ring. With its tailfin piece removed, though, the "bomb" torso looked like a silvery bullet.

The sponsor was General Mills, with its breakfast-cereal products: Cheerios, Wheaties, and Kix. In 1947, Cheerios produced a line of Frontier Town cereal boxes with the Solitary Ranger likeness on the front end of the box. Dissimilar versions of the boxes would have Frontier Town buildings on their backs to cut out. One could also transport in 10 cents and a box-elevation to get each of the four map sections of the town. These, every bit well as 9 different boxes, were needed to consummate the cardboard Frontier Town.

Toys and games [edit]

Besides the premiums offered in connection with the radio serial, there have been many Lone Ranger commercial toys released over the years. One of the most successful was a line of 10-inch action figures and accessories released past Gabriel Toys in 1973. Board games were released by Parker Brothers: The Solitary Ranger Game, in 1938,[61] and The New Lonely Ranger Game, in 1956.[62]

Parodies and spoofs [edit]

In the 1939 Looney Tunes The Lone Stranger and Porky, supervised by Bob Clampett, the masked human comes to the rescue of stagecoach commuter in distress, Porky Hog.[63]

In 1940, Hugh Harman made a Lone Ranger parody for MGM Cartoons titled The Lonesome Stranger.[64]

Jay Silverheels appeared as Tonto on The This evening Evidence starring Johnny Carson in a one-act sketch in which Carson is interviewing Tonto for employment. The audio portion of this sketch was included in the LP Here'due south Johnny: Magic Moments from the Tonight Show, released past Casablanca Records in 1974.

Both Clayton Moore and Silverheels appeared every bit the Lone Ranger and Tonto in a commercial for Jeno's Pizza Rolls produced past ad homo/satirist Stan Freberg. The commercial was a spoof of a then-electric current commercial for Distraction cigarettes which also used the William Tell overture theme music.

A recorded routine by comic Lenny Bruce formed the footing for the 1971 blithe drawing, Thank you Mask Man, produced by John Magnuson Associates. This was an adult humor routine, comically implying a gay relationship between the Ranger and Tonto.

Parody versions of The Lone Ranger (called Lone Rider) and Tonto announced every bit chief characters in 1971 Finnish western comedy The Unhanged (Hirttämättömät). They were played by Vesa-Matti Loiri and Simo Salminen.

The Top Ranger is a parody produced by Disney starring Mickey Mouse (Top Ranger) and Goofy (Tonto-lonely), with the script and drawing by Marco Gervasio and published in an Italian comic book, Topolino #3005 (July 2, 2013).[65]

"The Provolone Ranger", an episode of the Super Mario Bros. Super Show, featured Mario donning a mask to fight outlaws alongside of a speedy companion named Pronto. In a spoof of the Lone Ranger'south habit of leaving earlier those whom he has helped can thank him, the episode ends with Mario returning to collect a reward of pasta.

In "Wild West Rangers", a two-part episode of Mighty Morphin Ability Rangers, Pink Ranger Kimberly Hart (Amy Jo Johnson) falls backwards through time to the Old West, where she meets look-alike ancestors of her fellow Power Rangers and other characters in the evidence. A hero called the White Stranger, a mask-less duplicate of Kimberly'due south boyfriend Tommy Oliver, the White Ranger (played by Jason David Frank) rides to the rescue on more than than one occasion when danger threatens.

In "Who Was That Mashed Human", a 1987 episode from the fifth flavor of Night Court, an erstwhile role player who had played a Lone Ranger-esque character named the Reddish Ranger was being sued to preclude his appearing in public in costume by a movie company seeking to release a new picture based on the Red Ranger.

In The Land Earlier Time VI: The Surreptitious of Saurus Stone (1998), the sixth film in The Land Before Time franchise, Littlefoot'due south granddaddy tells the children, the legend about "The Lone Dinosaur", a legendary Longneck who protected the Great Valley from the most ferocious Sharptooth to always alive. During the fight, the Sharptooth was killed and the Lonely Dinosaur suffered a scar across his right eye. Soon later the boxing, a huge monolith resembling a sauropod with life-sized Sharptooth teeth bundled effectually his cervix came out of the ground during an convulsion. In the series Medico returns in the first episode of the second series, in search of his lady friend, Dara.

In Veggietales, in that location is an episode that is a retelling of the story of Moses leading the Hebrews out of Book of Exodus from the Bible and a sequel to the Ballad of Trivial Joe and a parody of the Solitary Ranger called "Moe and the Big Leave" with Larry the Cucumber as the Lone Stranger who is the parody of the Lone Ranger and is the episodes equivalent to the Bible's Moses in the episode.

Ownership [edit]

From its inception, George W. Trendle had legal ownership of the Lone Ranger and characters associated with the Lone Ranger through his company, The Lonely Ranger, Inc. Trendle sold The Lone Ranger, Inc. to oil homo and film producer Jack Wrather in 1954 for $three meg. Subsequently Wrather died in 1984, his widow, Bonita Granville, sold the Wrather Productions backdrop to Southbrook International Goggle box Co. in 1985 for $x million.[66] [67] [68] Broadway Video caused the rights in 1994. Archetype Media acquired the rights in 2000. DreamWorks Animation acquired Classic Media in 2012 and renamed the partition DreamWorks Classics,[69] which was acquired by NBCUniversal in 2016 for $3.eight billion. Its Universal Pictures unit currently has the rights to the Lone Ranger.[seventy]

Possible inspirations [edit]

John R. Hughes [edit]

The character was originally believed to be inspired past Texas Ranger Captain John R. Hughes, to whom the book The Lone Star Ranger by Zane Grey was dedicated in 1915.[71] John R. Hughes was born on Feb 11, 1855, in Henry County, Illinois. At 14 years quondam, he made his manner into Indian Territory and lived among the Choctaw, Osage, and Comanche.[72] In 1886, at 31 years old, Hughes killed a number of men for stealing his and a neighbor's horses, and for a number of months, trailed the ones whom he did non kill. This would marker his commencement time actively participating in bounty hunter-like activities. Not long after that in 1887, Hughes assisted Texas Ranger Ira Aten in tracking and killing an escaped murderer. A month later, he was persuaded to join the ranks of the Rangers and served along the southwest borders of Texas, and at 38 years old, Hughes became the captain of Visitor D. Frontier Battalion. He went on to retire in 1915, afterwards serving 28 years equally a Ranger. He was dying and chose to finish his own life at 92 years old on June 3, 1947, and was cached in Austin, Texas.[73]

Many could relate John Hughes to being the Lone Ranger due to his career as an actual Texas Ranger, and because he really lived in Texas, unlike others who have been cited every bit possibilities. He learned the languages of the Native American tribes that he lived among for some time, which could make him a more than competent ranger when traveling familiar territory to track down criminals and give him the power to communicate with other native people. He went on to capture and impale many criminals without ever being injured in his 28 years as a Ranger.[74]

Bass Reeves [edit]

Some have suggested a possible historical inspiration was Bass Reeves, the starting time Blackness deputy U.S. Marshal west of the Mississippi River, although he was never a Ranger nor did he ever live in Texas.[75] Reeves was built-in into slavery in Grayson County, Texas in 1838. Taken by his owner, George Reeves, to join the Civil War. The details surrounding his escape are unclear. Some accounts claim he brutally shell George Reeves during his escape. Bass Reeves spent the remainder of the war in Indian Territory, in what would become Oklahoma.[76]

Subsequently the Ceremonious War, Reeves was appointed as a U.S. Align in Indian Territory. This was uncommon for freedmen, especially in the Southward due to the Jim Crow laws of the Reconstruction Era. Despite this, Reeves worked equally a Marshal for 32 years before he took a chore in the Muskogee Police Department in 1907. This did not last long, however, as Reeves was diagnosed with Bright's disease, which somewhen took his life in 1910. Bass Reeves is buried in Union Agency Cemetery in Muskogee, Oklahoma.[77]

Speculation of Reeves' inspiration for the Lone Ranger originated in a 2006 Reeves biography by historian Art T. Burton, Black Gun, Silver Star. [78] Burton wrote, "Bass Reeves is the closest real person to resemble the Lonely Ranger." Burton documents that Reeves' career as a lawman was widely known and celebrated in his time and cites many similarities between Reeves and the Lone Ranger. Among those were: wearing disguises, having a Native American partner, riding a white or grey horse, giving out silver keepsakes, and possessing legendary marksmanship and horsemanship skills.[79] This theory is disputed for a number of reasons. Among them was the mutual practise of U.S. Marshals working in Indian territories to accept Indian assistants. Another widespread practice of that era was using silver dollars equally payments or tributes. Critics of the Bass theory besides betoken out that it was common for pulp fiction writers to portray heroes equally masked individuals.[80] [81] Other suggested inspirations were Zorro and Robin Hood.[82]

Come across also [edit]

  • Motion Picture Production Code (Hays Lawmaking)

Fictional characters [edit]

  • The Cisco Kid
  • Hopalong Cassidy
  • Morgan Kane
  • Old Shatterhand
  • Pecos Bill
  • Carmine Ryder
  • Tex Willer
  • Zorro

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Greenish Hornet, Martin Grams, Jr. and Terry Salomonson, 2010, pp. 5-six
  2. ^ His Typewriter Grew Spurs, Fran Striker Jr., 1983
  3. ^ a b "The Lone Ranger". Museum of Broadcast Communications. Archived from the original on March 12, 2011. Retrieved March seven, 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d "The Lonely Ranger". Radio Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on April 24, 2011. Retrieved March vii, 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Radio: The Masked Rider". Fourth dimension. January 14, 1952. Archived from the original on November 1, 2010. Retrieved March three, 2010.
  6. ^ Stephanie Stassel (December 29, 1999). "Clayton Moore, Television receiver'southward 'Lonely Ranger,' Dies". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Oct nineteen, 2009.
  7. ^ Kit, Borys (March 27, 2008). "Disney preps 'Lone Ranger' remake". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  8. ^ a b c d Dennis McLellan (June 9, 1993). "A Gathering of Kemo Sabes : Goggle box's Lone Ranger, Fans Return to Those Thrilling Days of Yesteryear". Los Angeles Times.
  9. ^ His Typewriter Grew Spurs, 1983
  10. ^ WYXIE Wonderland, Dick Osgood, 1981
  11. ^ |LONE RANGER Expressionless, Auto Striking TRAILER|Radio in Transition |New York Times Apr 9, 1941
  12. ^ Lachno, James (June 2, 2011). "The Lone Ranger: 10 things y'all never knew". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved June thirty, 2015.
  13. ^ a b The Lonely Ranger Season 1 Episodes 2, 3, four "Enter the Solitary Ranger", "The Lone Ranger Fights on", "The Lone Ranger Triumphs", 1949
  14. ^ The Lone Ranger, "Pilot Episode"
  15. ^ a b "The Lone Ranger: Justice from Outside the Law". NPR. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  16. ^ "The Lone Ranger: F.A.Q." Weird Science-Fantasy Web Links . Retrieved July 1, 2015.
  17. ^ Frank Buxton and Bill Owen, Radio's Golden Historic period: The Programs and the Personalities ([New York]: Easton Valley Press, 1966): 209.
  18. ^ 20th Anniversary Show. Lonerangerfanclub.com (MP3). Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  19. ^ a b Van Hise, James, Who was that Masked Man? The Story of the Solitary Ranger (Pioneer Books, Las Vegas, 1990), pp. 16–18.
  20. ^ Jim Harmon, The Slap-up Radio Heroes, Doubleday, 1967
  21. ^ a b c "'The Alone Ranger' debuts on Detroit radio". History.com . Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  22. ^ Terry Salomonson; Martin Grams, Jr. (2021). The Lone Ranger: The Early Years, 1933–1937. OTR Publishing. p. 87. Although the premiere was scheduled for Mon, January thirty, the plan was pushed back to Tuesday, Jan 31, every bit part of [WXYZ]'s 90-minute dedicatory program.
  23. ^ a b Dunning, p. 407
  24. ^ "The Lonely Ranger". RadioSpirits.com. Retrieved March vii, 2011.
  25. ^ Dunning, p. 404
  26. ^ King, Susan (November 12, 2008). "'Alone Ranger' back in the saddle". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  27. ^ "Solitary Ranger Dead, Motorcar Hit Trailer; New York Times obituary". Radio in Transition. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  28. ^ from "Conspiracy for Revenge" (aired August eight, 1938) to "Crooked Sheriff" (aired 1938-08-19)
  29. ^ a b Music of The Solitary Ranger CD liner notes past Graham Newton, 1992.
  30. ^ Jim Harmon, The Corking Radio Heroes (McFarland, 2001), p. 162.
  31. ^ "Too Hot Too Handle," The Green Hornet (radio series) (November xi, 1947), ABC radio network.
  32. ^ Murray, Will, "Where Hornets Swarm", Comics Scene, # 9, (October) 1989, Starlog Communications, Inc., p. 41.
  33. ^ Striker, Fran (1941). The Solitary Ranger Rides. New York: K. P. Putnam'southward Sons. pp. passim. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  34. ^ Brewers Dictionary of 20th Century Phrase and Fable.
  35. ^ Rhodes, Richard (1996). Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary. New York: Mouton De Gruyer. p. back embrace. ISBNthree-11-013749-6.
  36. ^ McLellan, Dennis (June 12, 1993). "Later on 60 Years, the Solitary Ranger Nevertheless Lives". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  37. ^ McLellan, Dennis (September 22, 2009). "John Hart dies at 91; the other 'Lonely Ranger'". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved November 1, 2010.
  38. ^ Moore, Clayton; Thompson, Frank (1998). I Was That Masked Human being. Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 130. ISBN978-0878332168.
  39. ^ a b "Who'due south That Masked Human? Hullo-Yo-It's Clayton Moore!". Los Angeles Times. January 15, 1985.
  40. ^ The Lone Ranger Peace Patrol, 1958
  41. ^ Grant, Dell Omega (January xxx, 1985). "Clayton Moore Back In Mask". Lifestyles. Chicago Tribune. Chicago. The New York Times News Service. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  42. ^ "The Legend of the Lone Ranger". DVD Talk . Retrieved November one, 2010.
  43. ^ Goldstein, Richard (December 29, 1999). "Clayton Moore, Television'south Lone Ranger And a Persistent Masked Homo, Dies at 85". The New York Times . Retrieved January xiv, 2010.
  44. ^ Jenna Cooper (September 25, 2008). "Disney Announces Upcoming Films, Tron, Prince of Persia, and the Lonely Ranger Starring Johnny Depp". UGO Networks . Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  45. ^ Bowles, Scott. "'Despicable minions unseat 'Lone Ranger' at Theaters", U.s. Today, July 7, 2013. Retrieved on July viii, 2013.
  46. ^ Dan Scapperotti, "Then you are...Alone Ranger," Comics Scene, #nine, (October) 1989, Starlog Communications International, Inc., p. 44 (likewise corroborates artists source).
  47. ^ "The Lone Ranger comic strip by Fran Striker". Kenpiercebooks.com. Retrieved May iii, 2009.
  48. ^ Lambiek comic store and studio in Amsterdam, The netherlands (September 29, 1926). "Comic creator: Russ Heath". Lambiek.internet. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
  49. ^ The Lone Ranger (Dell, 1948 series) at the Thou Comics Database.
  50. ^ The Lone Ranger (Gold Key, 1964 series) at the Grand Comics Database.
  51. ^ Alone Ranger and Tonto, The (Topps, 1994 series) at the Grand Comics Database.
  52. ^ Sheyahshe, Michael A. (2008). Native Americans in Comic Books. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. pp. 124–126.
  53. ^ "Dynamite – The Official Site – The Best of Vampirella Master Series Omnibus Trade Paperback, George R.R. Martin's A Clash of Kings, James Bond: Kill Chain, The Boys and More!". Dynamiteentertainment.com . Retrieved September 22, 2017. [ dead link ]
  54. ^ The Lone Ranger vol. 2 at the GCD
  55. ^ Michael Uslan On Finally Making The Lone Ranger / Light-green Hornet Connection, interview by Dan Wickline on Bleeding Cool website, September 28, 2016
  56. ^ The Lone Ranger/Green Hornet at the GCD
  57. ^ "Mark Russell heads out w with Solitary Ranger". Multiversity. September 18, 2018. Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.
  58. ^ Tuska, John, A Variable Harvest: Essays and Reviews of Film and Literature (McFarland, 1990), pp. 283
  59. ^ "1930s Lone Ranger Cartoon". Annal.org . Retrieved September 22, 2017 – via Cyberspace Archive.
  60. ^ Reif, Rita. ARTS/ARTIFACTS; Trivia Long Ago, Serious Treasures Now. The New York Times. June 11, 1995.
  61. ^ "The Lone Ranger Game (1938)". BoardGameGeek . Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  62. ^ "The New Lone Ranger Game (1956)". BoardGameGeek . Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  63. ^ "The Films of Bob Clampett". Library, University of California, Berkeley. 1996. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  64. ^ "YouTube". Youtube.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  65. ^ "Italia: Topolino (libretto) # 3005". Coa.inducks.org . Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  66. ^ Pando, Leo (November 22, 2010). An Illustrated History of Trigger: The Lives and Fable of Roy Rogers' Palomino. p. 203. ISBN9780786461110.
  67. ^ "Jack and Bonita Granville Wrather Papers". Oac.cdlib.org . Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  68. ^ "Los Angeles Times from Los Angeles, California on April 25, 1985 · 73". Newspapers.com . Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  69. ^ Verrier, Richard (July 23, 2012). "DreamWorks Animation buys 'Casper,' 'Lassie' parent Classic Media". Articles.latimes.com . Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  70. ^ "NBCUniversal Announces Conquering of DreamWorks Animation". Nbcuniversal.com. April 28, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  71. ^ "Solitary Ranger Research Connects the Dots to Cambridge", Mike Clark, CommunityCasts.com
  72. ^ "John Reynolds Hughes Papers". Austin History Center . Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  73. ^ "John R. Hughes". Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum . Retrieved Nov 11, 2020.
  74. ^ Weiser-Alexander, Kathy (July 2019). "John Reynolds Hughes – Texas Ranger". Legends of America . Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  75. ^ Sheena McKenzie. "Was this African American cop the inspiration for the Solitary Ranger?". Edition.cnn.com . Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  76. ^ "Bass Reeves". Encyclopædia Britannica. January 8, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  77. ^ Helm, Matt (November 17, 2007). "BASS REEVES (1838-1910)". Black Past . Retrieved November xi, 2020.
  78. ^ Burton, Art T. (2008). Black Gun, Silver Star The Life and Legend of Borderland Marshal Bass Reeves. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN978-0-8032-1747-8.
  79. ^ "Was an African American Cop the Real Alone Ranger?". CNN. Baronial half-dozen, 2013. Retrieved October thirteen, 2018.
  80. ^ LaCapria, Kim (February 13, 2019). "Was the Original 'Lonely Ranger' a Black Man?". TruthOrFiction.com . Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  81. ^ Grams, Martin Jr. "Bass Reeves and The Alone Ranger: Debunking the Myth, Part 1". Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  82. ^ "The Secret History of the Lone Ranger". Yahoo.com . Retrieved September 22, 2017.

Further reading [edit]

  • Bisco, Jim, "Buffalo'south Lonely Ranger: The Prolific Fran Striker Wrote the Volume on Early Radio", Western New York Heritage, Book seven, Number iv, Winter 2005.
  • Grams, Martin, The Green Hornet: A History of Radio, Motion Pictures, Comics and Television, OTR Publishing, 2010.
  • Harmon, Jim, The Great Radio Heroes, Doubleday, 1967.
  • Holland, Dave (1988). From Out of the Past: A Pictorial History of the Lone Ranger. Holland House.
  • Jones, Reginald, The Mystery of the Masked Man's Music: A Search for the Music Used on the Lone Ranger Radio Plan, 1933–1954, Scarecrow Press, 1987 (ISBN 0-8108-3974-1).
  • Osgood, Dick. Wyxie Wonderland: An Unauthorized 50-Year Diary of WXYZ Detroit. Ohio: Bowling Green University Printing, 1981.

External links [edit]

  • Lone Ranger at the National Radio Hall of Fame
  • The Solitary Ranger Radio Series 1938–1956 (downloadable MP3 files)
  • The Lone Ranger Rides (1941) at Project Gutenberg and LibriVox
  • Lone Ranger at DreamWorks Classics
  • Death of the Lone Ranger at Snopes.com
  • Richard Goldstein (December 29, 1999). "Clayton Moore, Television's Solitary Ranger and a Persistent Masked Man, Dies at 85". The New York Times . Retrieved January 14, 2010.
  • Masked Men: A Chronology of the Alone Ranger and the Green Hornet
  • Lone Ranger is available for free download at the Internet Archive (an early on, one-hour Boob tube episode of The Lone Ranger that establishes the Ranger'south origins)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone_Ranger

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